Ergot alkaloids are pharmaceutically and ecologically important chemicals produced by fungi, including the Periglandula species symbiotic with the common morning glory Ipomoea tricolor. Previous work indicates that the ergot alkaloids produced by Periglandula species occur in high concentrations in I. tricolor and suppress parasitic nematode populations. We hypothesize that ergot alkaloids are secreted from roots into the surrounding medium. To test this hypothesis, we devised a hydroponic system featuring 3D-printed net pots and Hoagland’s solution to facilitate sampling of roots and the associated growth medium. Half of the plants were treated with the systemic fungicide tebuconazole to suppress the contribution of the symbiotic fungus. Plant tissues and growth medium were sampled regularly over six weeks, and ergot alkaloids were detected and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Our data demonstrate that ergot alkaloids, including lysergic acid α-hydroxyethylamide, ergine, and ergonovine, were secreted from roots. These alkaloids were secreted in two phases: an initial flush of seed-inherited alkaloids, in both non-treated and fungicide-treated plants, followed by distribution and secretion of newly synthesized ergot alkaloids in non-treated plants only. Of seed-inherited ergot alkaloids transported to roots, approximately 12% were secreted from non-treated plants as opposed to only 4% in fungicide-treated plants. These data indicate a role for the symbiotic Periglandula species in secretion or perhaps an unintended consequence of fungicide treatment. Newly synthesized ergot alkaloids were detected only in non-treated plants, where they increased in all tissues from week two through week six. Hypocotyls contained the highest concentrations followed by roots. These newly synthesized ergot alkaloids also were secreted from roots at a rate similar to that of seed-inherited alkaloids. Since ergot alkaloids are present in very high concentrations in morning glory roots, secretion of even 12% may have significant ecological effects on the rhizosphere.
Secretion of symbiotic fungus-derived ergot alkaloids from the morning glory Ipomoea tricolor
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Student Abstract Submission