Potential anthropogenic (human-caused) stressors on marine wildlife continue to increase, yet how marine mammals fare physiologically under these conditions remains largely unmeasured. For example, noise sources may trigger a stress response in whales and dolphins, which typically causes health and cognitive deficits in other mammals under chronic exposure. Yet, we do not have data of sufficient quality to demonstrate how anthropogenic noise impacts the health of these highly protected and unique species. The objective of this project is to collect health data from dolphin blowhole mucus as animals surface to breathe using a custom uncrewed aircraft system (UAS) developed for cetacean applications. The UAS, or drone, will fly 1-2 meters above the animal and collect a blow sample as they surface to breathe. While rotary-wing drones have been used to collect samples from large whales, smaller cetaceans such as dolphins present a greater challenge for sample collection in the wild. Data from observations indicate that the use of standard commercial drones will result in inaccurate data as the system noise will likely increase stress hormone levels and chase subjects away. Furthermore, rotary wing drones are likely to blow viable samples away through downwash from the spinning blades. However, silent fixed-wing capable drones will enable accurate estimation of stress levels, pathogen load, and microbiological contaminants through the successful collection of blow samples, since dolphins should be unable to hear and see the drone based on observations mapping the dolphin field of vision as well as their sensitivity to different drone sounds. This project summarizes the design, development, and successful demonstration of the PHASM (Passive Health Assessment of Sea Mammals) UAS for the collection of blowhole mucus samples from dolphins.
Passive Health Assessment of Sea Mammals (PHASM)
Category
Student Abstract Submission