Anatomical variations are benign differences in organ or vessel structure across individuals. Recognizing these variations is essential within the medical field, as ignorance of these structures can lead to misdiagnosis, surgical complications, or death. For decades, undergraduate anatomy classrooms have demonstrated human anatomy through cats (Felis catus). However, anatomical variations, and their frequency, are underexplored in cats, creating a gap in anatomy education. To address this gap, we dissected 33 cats to characterize variations in the hepatopancreatic ampulla and aortic arterial branching patterns. The hepatopancreatic ampulla forms when the common bile duct and pancreatic duct merge to deliver digestive secretions to the small intestine. The abdominal aorta typically distributes blood through five major branches: (from rostral to caudal) the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric, (paired) renal, inferior mesenteric, (paired) gonadal, and terminal bifurcation into (paired) common iliac arteries. Across specimens, we identified two variations of the hepatopancreatic ampulla and seven distinct aortic branching patterns. In the hepatopancreatic ampulla, the common bile and pancreatic ducts typically merged to form a single ampulla fused to the proximal duodenum (29 of 31), though ampulla length varied (0.6 to 1.3 cm). In two specimens, an accessory pancreatic duct also supplied the duodenum. Frequently, cats followed the typical aortic branching pattern (9 of 32). Other variations demonstrated a common origin of the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric (8 of 32) and the inferior mesenteric branching from the superior mesenteric (2 of 32). Further, the paired renal arteries demonstrated both symmetric and asymmetric branching. In conclusion, the identified feline anatomical variations are consistent with those reported in humans for these structures, however, the total number of variations and frequency of shared variations is reduced in the cat in comparison to humans. The identification of these feline variants will help generate new pedagogy for undergraduate anatomy.
Aorta and Hepatopancreatic Ampulla Anatomy Is Less Variable in Cats (Felis catus) Than Humans (Homo sapiens)
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Student Abstract Submission