Social media is recognized as a risk factor for body image disturbances for women, while men remain understudied yet are increasingly recognized as impacted by body image concerns, particularly with growing research surrounding the muscular ideal. Beyond gender, body image is nuanced by sexuality, hence gay and bisexual men tend to have greater body image disturbances, including muscularity concerns relative to their heterosexual counterparts. Fitspiration has become a popular trend on social media, whose creators often claim to be promoting exercise motivation but has been empirically found to pose health risks in the context of body image. A primary mechanism for conferring this risk is appearance comparisons, especially to idealized bodies often seen in fitspiration. Within fitspiration, anime characters have recently emerged as contemporary mainstream media targets for comparison, often in the form of physical appearance goals. The proliferation of anime fitspiration content raises new public health concerns given characters are often portrayed with exaggerated, cartoonish physiques, performing impossible feats of strength. Alternatively, body image flexibility may represent a possible strategy to motivate exercise that does not simultaneously confer a detrimental impact on body image and mood relative to both traditional human fitspiration and modern anime fitspiration social media content. This is because body image flexibility encourages individuals to openly accept challenges to their body image, without trying to change the thoughts or feelings that arise in the service of moving in valued life directions. The present study will expose young adult men to one of four image conditions: human-based fitspiration, anime fitspiration, body image flexibility quotes, or a control condition to examine the differential effects of viewing this content on body image satisfaction, mood, and exercise motivation. An exploratory aim is to provide a preliminary evaluation of whether sexual orientation further moderates the hypothesized effects.
Comparing the Effects of Human Fitspiration, Anime-themed Fitspiration, and Body Image Flexibility Quotes on State Body Image, Mood, and Exercise Motivation in Young Adult Men
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Student Abstract Submission