Runway incursions occur when an unauthorized aircraft, vehicle, or person enters a protected area designated for aircraft takeoff and landing. These incidents have been a growing challenge for airport operations, and have significantly increased in recent years. With 1,633 cases reported in 2022 and 1,777 in 2023, their increasing frequency highlights the need for effective mitigation strategies. One of the most advanced technologies designed to reduce and prevent runway incursions is Runway Status Lights (RWSL). RWSL is an automated system that provides real-time alerts to pilots and vehicle operators, signaling when it is unsafe to enter, cross, or begin takeoff on a runway. Despite RWSL being operational at 20 major U.S. airports, there are very limited studies on evaluating the effectiveness of RWSL.

This study aims to explore the impact of RWSL on aviation safety by analyzing the runway incursion data from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Specifically, it examines the correlation between RWSL implementation and runway incursion rates at 17 airports where the system has been operational. By comparing data from seven years before and seven years after RWSL installation, this research provides a comprehensive assessment of its effectiveness in mitigating risks. The findings from this study will offer valuable insights for aviation authorities such as the FAA and airport operators, in their efforts to enhance runway safety. Understanding the role of RWSL in reducing and preventing runway incursions will support data-driven decisions regarding the adoption and expansion of similar technologies. Ultimately, this research contributes to the broader goal of improving the safety of pilots, passengers, and overall airport operations. Through continued evaluation and technological advancements, the aviation industry can reduce risks and foster a safer environment for all stakeholders.