This paper examines the chronological evolution, from the 1920s to today, of the vampire in film and television in relation to society’s attitudes towards Christianity and sex. The vampire in popular culture has gradually transformed from a creature of moral and sexual depravity into a symbol of sexual freedom and self-expression; these changes reflect Western society’s shifting relationship to Christianity. Much scholarly research explores the relationship between Victorian vampire literature and Christianity, as well as Christianity and sexual norms; however, little scholarship examines the influence of Christianity on current vampire media or the intersection of sexuality, Christianity, and vampire cinema. An initial qualitative review of existing literature was conducted regarding cinematic depictions of vampirism, Christian influences in society, and Christian rhetoric in sexuality discourses. Following this review, 20 popular American and British movies and television shows in the vampire genre were watched and thematically analyzed for their depictions of sex and Christianity. Such research found that early vampire movies established the vampire as a villain, driven by perverse and anti-Christian motivations. This idea prevailed until the 1960s sexual revolution and the cultural decentering of Christianity that accompanied it; 1960s vampire movies began utilizing sensationalism to create veiled messages that condemned the culture of repression within Christian society. In the 1980s, as secular viewpoints gained further legitimacy in sexuality discourse, vampires functioned as metaphors for sex as a form of self-discovery. The 1990s to 2010s, in tandem with the evangelical-led purity movement, popularized sympathetic vampires that yearned to be released from their shameful nature. Modern vampire media transforms again, embracing the vampire’s appeal to disempowered people and ability to create meaning outside of religion.This research ultimately aims to identify and deconstruct the ability both of Christianity to shape popular culture and also of fiction to investigate Christian standards within society.
Unholy Desires: The Evolution of Christianity and Sexuality in Vampire Film and Television
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