Decomposition of leaf litter is impacted by a multitude of factors such as what microorganisms are present, environmental influences, and what enzymes are released. Different leaf types are uniquely impact by these factors and impact the overall rate of degradation. This then goes on to affect the ecosystem around it by altering nutrient cycling (CO2 and Nitrogen), soil health, and the overall composition of the decomposers communities in particular areas. To better understand differences in leaf decomposition, two different leaf litter types, one native to Southwestern Pennsylvania, Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), and other invasive, Knotweed (Reynoutria japonica), were collected bi-monthly for 8 months. To account for environmental influences that may impact degradation, samples were collected from the ground and the water. DNA was extracted from all leaf types and the 16s and 18s was sequenced to identify the bacterial and fungal communities. Sequences were analyzed to identify differences in microbial composition. During the same time period, leaves were also collected weekly and five enzymes (cellulase, pectinase, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, and chitinase) concentrations were tested. The differences identified between the two groups of leaves suggest that decomposition, while driven by similar organisms and processes, vary between Sycamore and Knotweed species. Comparing and contrasting the various microbiomes found on two different leaf types under different environmental conditions can lead to a better understanding of the microorganisms involved in degradation, the enzymes produced, and what environment is most favorable.
The Effects of Microbial Communities on Leaf Litter Decomposition Due to Exposure to Different Environmental Factors and Differing Leaf Types
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Student Abstract Submission