Americanization, or the spread of American culture and customs abroad, has been a topic of interest in many regards, especially when applied to the European context. The proliferation of American corporations, media, and consumer goods on the European continent has been studied, including the addition of American culture to the European built environment - through the construction of Euro Disneyland. Euro Disneyland (now known as Disneyland Paris) opened in 1992. As a physical representation of an American corporation and its American values, the French had a particular disdain for the park upon its opening. Such a representation of the process known as Americanization has garnered research from numerous academic circles, yet current research does not address the evolution of Americanization in France, namely through the lens of the Walt Disney Company. Looking into the evolution of sentiments provides an interpretation of French attitudes towards the United States, especially during the Cold War period. Historians have previously drawn conclusions relating to the idea of Euro Disneyland as the ultimate vector of Americanization (arguing that the overwhelming association with America was responsible for the park's initial lack of success), whereas this paper will argue that Euro Disneyland was not as wholly American upon opening as it may have seemed. Investigating the historical context of Euro Disneyland; interpreting the period in which it opened and was designed; the climate of the Disney company in years prior; and the thought processes which were integral to the construction of the park as provided through primary source analysis and secondary rhetoric. This paper examines how Euro Disneyland has been argued as the most American enterprise Europe has ever seen and instead argues how it exists in a space beyond solely Americanization, instead speaking to corporatization and the globalization of popular culture.
As American as Mickey Mouse? Reconsidering Euro Disneyland as a Means of American Cultural Imperialism
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