Historically, the Hungarian population in Romania has faced discrimination in many aspects. My research focuses on the complicated challenges that Romania’s language policy environment creates for the Hungarian ethnic minority, specifically in regard to education. As well as how these language policy power dynamics are reinforced via the education system for Hungarian-speaking students, and the effects this has on Romanian society at large. A large percentage of the Hungarian population in Romania lives in exclusively Hungarian areas within the Transylvania region where they have established their own Hungarian language institutions, namely schools. When it comes to language policy, the official language, and thus the institutional language, of Romania is Romanian, leading to a lack of support for the Hungarian ethnic minority. Hungarian-speaking schools lack proper resources, despite policies that supposedly promise equality for all minority languages in the Romanian school systems. Mandatory graduation exams require great proficiency in Romanian, even if students only speak Hungarian. University acceptance and success in the job market are also dependent on proper Romanian-language knowledge, placing Hungarian students at a significant disadvantage. This language policy environment continually reinforces the power dynamic between Romanian speakers and Hungarian speakers in Romania, as Hungarian speakers must mobilize significantly more energy and resources to get to the same place where Romanian speakers begin.
Language as Power: Hungarian Language Policy and Education in Romania
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